Tap water (running water) is part of indoor plumbing, which became available in the late 19th century and common in the mid-20th century. The provision of tap water requires a massive infrastructure of piping, pumps, and water purification works. The availability of clean tap water brings major public health benefits. Usually, the same administration that provides tap water is also responsible for the removal and treatment before discharge or reclamation of wastewater.

In many areas, chemicals containing fluoride are added to the tap water in an effort to improve public dental health. This remains a controversial issue in the health, freedoms and rights of the individual.

Tap water may contain various types of natural but relatively harmless contaminants such as scaling agents like calcium carbonate in hard water and metal ions such as magnesium and iron, and odoriferous gases such as hydrogen sulfide. Local geological conditions affecting groundwater are determining factors of the presence of these substances in water.

Safety
The issue of flouride toxicology has been brought into question by opponents. The Green Party, a UK political party, even refer to fluoride as a poison. They say water fluoridation violates Article 35 of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights, and the UK poisons act of 1972 which bans fluorosilicates.

Because it believes that fluoride is a poison they say it also violates Articles 3 and 8 of the Human Rights Act, and also Articles 3 and 8 of the Convention because governments are forbidden from harming its citizens. Where children are involved - indeed, specifically targeted - such an act also raise issues under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.

There are a lot of conflicting reports as to the safety of water fluoridation. This issue was covered in the University of York's review concluding that "The evidence about reducing inequalities in dental health was of poor quality, contradictory and unreliable." Because of these conflicting reports and the numerous websites that point to these safety concerns, many question whether fluoridation should be legal until some of these issues are resolved. Some of the concerns raised include:

Solutions
Compounds such as mud, sediments, heavy metals, leads, pesticides, bacteria and chlorine can be filtered with various types of filtration products. Depending on technologies engaged, most water problems can be treated into safe drinking water.

As described in the table for filtration efficiency , compounds that are not easily seen with naked eyes are dangerous and harmful to our body if consumed. What we can not see does not mean it is not there. For a complete solution of better water treatment, the use of GE Water Point-of-Entry System (POE) for Particle Filtration and Reverse Osmosis provides safest drinking water.

The fact is, about 70% of our body is made up of water. As a baby, we are made up of almost 80% of water. The human brain is made of about 85% water. As we aged, the level of liquid decreases, nevertheless, water still plays an important role as part of our daily lives.